The -ing Form The -ing form can be a bit confusing because it has several distinctive grammatical roles:
1. Continuous tense: this is the most common use. Here the -ing form is preceded by verb-to-be.
- I am going to school.
- He is eating an apple.
- She was watching TV last night.
- We have been waiting for you since yesterday.
2. Gerund: a word formed from a verb acting as a noun and ending in -ing:
- Reading helps you learn English.
- I enjoy reading.
- His favorite hobby is reading.
3. Adjective:
- He is boring. (He is a boring person)
- Sally was confused by the confusing street signs in the city.
4. Present participle:
- Walking through the forest, we could feel fresh air.
- Standing near the door, we saw him passing by.
- I see a red bird looking at me.
- A picture of the cow jumping over the moon!
- The spider was very busy spinning her web.
And now, all together:
- He is running.
- The running water is clean.
- Running is a healthy exercise.
- Running in the morning is a healthy exercise.
- Running in the morning, I saw your brother.
- I saw him running.
Sometimes you have to decide whether an -ing form is a gerund or a present participle:
- Lying expert testifies at trial.
This sentence can have two meanings depending on your interpretation:
- An expert of lying testifies at trial.
- An expert who lies testifies at trial.
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